In the last decades, the development of Jatropha curcas plants has been an increasing trend significantly. Several countries in Asia, Africa and South America develop bio diesel from its seeds.
Studies on conversion of this plant into bio diesel has been conducted by many researchers in the world. Jatropha Curcas waste, such as cake seed, sludge, and shell, has been potential to convert into solid fuels. Some researcher converts its material into biogas through an anaerobic digestion system in digester.
As reported many authors, that the cake seeds of Jatropha curcas contain around 61-67% crude oil per unit weight. Meanwhile, the content of raw oil is around 33 to 39 %. This means that there is a high possibility to extract Jatropha Curcas waste into energy both from shell and cake seed.
Combustion is a chemical process to convert solid waste into heat energy. The process includes drying, pyrolysis, and char combustion. In the pyrolysis process, carbon monoxide rises to the peak level and gradually decrease until char combustion reactions stopped.
The products of biomass combustion consist of carbon dioxide, water, ash, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon particles, nitrogen oxide, smoke and soot. It is an opportunity to form Jatropha Curcas waste as briquettes and uses for fuel.
This fuel can then be used in rural areas for cooking. If the production this fuel is high, it can be used for commercialization. It means that its briquettes send to the combustion reactor to heat a boiler system and produces electricity.
Nugroho Agung Pambudi has been writing articles including papers for nearly 3 years now. His journal papers can be reached both international journal and conference. Come visit his latest website at methylcobalamin and geothermal heating and cooling
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Thursday, December 30, 2010
Opportunity of Jatropha Curcas Waste As Biofuel
Friday, December 10, 2010
Biofuels Leaders: Three Big Dawgs in Biofuels
The biofuels industry has received a lot of attention for the up and coming small companies, many of whom are developing novel technologies to produce bio-based alternatives to gasoline. But now as the industry prepares for the scale-up and commercial introduction of fuels at meaningful scale, it is the large industrial companies that are starting to dominate. These Big Dawgs tend to be well financed. They also have the necessary ingredients to be credible commercializers of biofuels. Typically, these are well-known multi-national companies that have prior experience in either the production and delivery of petroleum-derived fuels or in the development of bio-based processes at very large scale.
Who are these Big Dawgs? Here are the top three on my list.
1. Dupont: Known primarily as a major international chemical company, DuPont has already been successful in the development and commercialization of bio-based processes at large scale. The company launched a new monomer called trimethyleneglycol, or 1,3-propanediol, which is produced by an engineered microorganism by fermentation of sugar. Since this is exactly the type of process that is necessary to produce biofuels, the step into the biofuels arena is a natural one for this industry behemoth.
DuPont has formed a partnership with the major enzyme producer Danisco. Named appropriately DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol (DDCE), this company aims to be nothing less than the world's leading provider of technology for producing fuel-grade ethanol from cellulose. DDCE plans to license its patented technology to ethanol producers for deployment in the United States and elsewhere.
DuPont also has a joint venture with oil giant British Petroleum to produce butanol. The BP partnership is an interesting one since butanol is an advanced biofuel with better properties as a fuel than ethanol. IN the commercialization announcement, the product has a nice name: Butamax. By covering both the ethanol and advanced biofuel space, DuPont is positioning itself to earn revenues in both the short and intermediate time frames.
2. British Petroleum: Famous now for the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, BP has been preparing its future in biofuels for longer than most people know. In addition to the aforementioned joint venture with DuPont to produce butanol, BP recently bought out its venture with Verenium to enter the cellulosic ethanol market. The company is also funding about half a billion dollars in research over 10 years at the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Funded under the EBI, or Energy Biosciences Institute, the research is geared toward the development of technologies to replace fossil fuels. The company is also investing in technology to produce diesel from sugar and in operations in Brazil near the sugar plantations there.
3. Shell: This oil industry giant owns a majority interest in cellulosic ethanol producer Iogen and is underwriting a large project to develop enzymes for breaking down cellulose to produce biofuels with Codexis. Shell recently signed a major agreement with Brazilian sugar producer Cosan, which gives it access to an inexpensive source of sugar as a raw material. The Brazilian venture alone is worth an estimated $12 billion. In addition, Shell is funding research through a variety of smaller venues, both at universities and small companies. Without a doubt, Shell is signaling that it intends to be a long-term player in biofuels.
These are three Big Dawgs to watch as biofuels go commercial.
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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Steve_Stillwater
Sunday, December 5, 2010
Prospect Of Jatropha Curcas As An Energy Plant
Jatropha Curcas plant or can be called physic nut has a large potential as a source of renewable energy in the future. This is caused by the depletion of fossil fuel sources. Petroleum is expected to be exhausted in 50 years. Meanwhile, gas and coal have the time to stay longer because its reserves are still abundant.
In addition, the use of fossil fuels increases the amount of emissions in the atmosphere. This emission is greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. These gases will withstand the heat that will flow out of the earth.
This phenomenon will increase the atmospheric temperature in the earth, called global warming. The result of global warming is the imbalance system in the earth. A hot environment will lead to melting of polar ice that will increase the volume of sea water. Increasing this volume will shrink the mainland. Moreover, temperature of sea water will be increased. Therefore, some fish species will be extinct. This extinction of certain fish species will result in the other species that rely on food this fish.
Because of the global warming impact, countries in the world have thought to look for renewable energy sources, which are friendlier to the environment. Physic nut plant was allegedly going to be a popular because its advantages as the energy plant. The advantages of physic nut can be grown in areas that are less fertile than another energy plant. In addition, the physic nut can also live in extreme environments such as sand.
Nugroho Agung Pambudi has been writing articles including papers for nearly 3 years now. His journal papers can be reached both international journal and conference. Come visit his latest website at methylcobalamin which help people find information about methylcobalamin injection
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