Save Energy

Because the financial impact of the media in various countries, the visible energy savings in large-scale. Consumptive lifestyle starts left.
How do the people who already have a lifestyle that is not healthy? With skimpy can reduce the body's resistance, especially when they have to like (fat). with the acai berry juice taste will want to continue to eat terkurangi so that the body healthy. What was to try them?

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Pound for Pound, All Life Uses Same Amount of Energy

If energy is the currency of life, biologists are closing in on the cost of living.
No matter whether you're talking elephants or bacteria, a new study proposes that, pound for pound, all living things' at-rest metabolisms use similar amounts of energy. Though living things vary greatly in complexity and size, their energy usage falls between 3 and 90 watts per kilogram of biomass. For comparison, a MacBook Pro is supposed to draw about 12 watts when operating from its battery.
"Our interpretation is that there aren't very many accidents in nature, so it's not just a coincidence that all these different organisms fall within this narrow window," said Peter Reich, an ecologist at the University of Minnesota, and a co-author of the work. "That suggests that natural selection selects for this range."
Using energy to stave off entropy is one of the basic functions of life. Different forms of life use different energy sources. Plants use photosynthesis to turn sunlight into chemical energy. Other organisms feed on plants or other organisms to obtain the energy needed to sustain themselves. The new paper suggests that no matter how an organism gets its energy, the basic biochemistry of life requires that all organisms' cells use energy at fairly similar rates.
The new work means that if you had an elephant-sized mound of bacteria, it would use, within about an order of magnitude of variation, the same amount of energy as an actual elephant. This information from here

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New Gene Found That Helps Plants Beat The Heat

ScienceDaily (Oct. 14, 2008) — Michigan State University plant scientists have discovered another piece of the genetic puzzle that controls how plants respond to high temperatures. That may allow plant breeders to create new varieties of crops that flourish in warmer, drier climates.
Heat shock protein
The MSU researchers found that the gene bZIP28 helps regulate heat stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the mustard family used as a model plant for genetic studies. This is the first time bZIP28 has been shown to play a role heat tolerance. The research is published in the Oct. 6 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"We also found that bZIP28 was responding to signals from the endoplasmic reticulum, which is the first time the ER has been shown to be involved with the response to heat," said Robert Larkin, MSU assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology and corresponding author of the paper. "We're finding that heat tolerance is a more complex process than was first thought."
Previous research has shown that the nucleus, the "brain" of the cell, and cytosol, the fluid inside cells, play a role in how plants respond to heat. The endoplasmic reticulum, a membrane in the cell that consists of small tubes and sac-like structures, is mainly responsible for packaging and storing proteins in the cell.
According to Christoph Benning, MSU professor of biochemistry and molecular biology and a member of the research team, the scientists were looking for genes that turn other genes on and off and are tied to cell membranes. These membrane-tethered gene switches are seen in animals but hadn't been studied in great detail in plants.
"The bZIP28 protein is anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum, away from its place of action," Benning explained. "But when the plant is stressed by heat, one end of bZIP28 is cut off and moves into the nucleus of the cell where it can turn on other genes to control the heat response. Understanding how the whole mechanism works will be the subject of more research."
Plants with an inactive bZIP28 gene die as soon as temperatures reach a certain level.
Other scientists on the research team are Federica Brandizzi, MSU associate professor of plant biology and member of the Plant Research Lab, and Hangbo Gao, former MSU post-doctoral research associate.
The work was sponsored by the MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab. Benning's research also is supported by the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station.
this information from here

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OIL

in a few day alternative energy very needed by around people on the world. A poor country or country haven't product oil this a big problem. So must be solution for this situation. A country have oil must be give advantage from advantage. Balance of money make conditon more happy.

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Energy alternative

The price of rocketing petroleum so is to 125 U$D has can no longer be degraded. Global economics crisis will menace... especially nations grows and poor. Energy alternative of becoming one of purpose of as well as the price go up results food material productivity annoyed.

Fence castor oil is a real alternative energy it is good to is developed, beside will not influence the price of staple also way of menanamya easy. different with corn, soy, ketela and other which is material can in consumption by man.

So focus to fence castor oil

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Oil-yielding

Witness the latest entry in the high-stakes race for alternative sources of fuel: a tree that produces oil.

Not petroleum, that is, but an oil that can be used to make biodiesel.

Taylor Jones/The Post Jatropha curcas Jatropha curcas: The energy tree Origin: Native to Central America. There are 87 known varieties in Florida. HEIGHT: UP TO 20 FEET. OIL YIELD:AS MUCH AS 600 TO 1,000 GALLONS PER ACRE A YEAR. GROWN FOR BIOFUELS IN COUNTRIES INCLUDING GHANA, BRAZIL AND GUATEMALA.

And entrepreneurs see it as a future cash crop for Florida.

"Last year, soy oil was $1.50 a gallon and nobody was looking at us. Now, it's $3 a gallon and everyone is looking" at jatropha as a future biofuel source, said Paul Dalton, a Washington-based attorney who is involved with growing the tree - Jatropha curcas - in Florida, India and elsewhere.

Oil from this variety of jatropha has attracted more attention as prices for other biodiesel oils such as soy, palm and canola have skyrocketed.

Dalton, chief executive officer of Alexandria, Va.-based My Dream Fuel LLC, has planted 1.26 million jatropha seedlings from varieties specially selected and cloned for commercialization on 12 acres south of LaBelle. Last year, he sold out of 12,000 plants in four days.

Beginning May 15, this year's seedlings will go out to citrus growers looking for a replacement for groves ravaged by canker and greening diseases and others wanting to keep their agricultural exemption.

"It is not a get-rich-quick scheme at all," Dalton said. "It's five years before they get to 100 percent production. In two years, they will start making money. That is a lot faster than citrus.

"Any biodiesel refiner will purchase it in a heartbeat. At current price levels, growers will make over $2,000 an acre."

This information an the picture from here

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Jatropha - a biofuel crop

The biofuel output of respective crops has been measured, and is normally given in barrels of oil per angular mile per year. Corn is a popular biofuel harvest in the USA, but it yields under 200 barrels (per angular mile per year. Rice for instance yields nearly 1000 barrels, however it is a vital global nutrient harvest as are most of the new prospective biofuel crops. It is merely not workable to take better character arable farmland for growing biofuels, biofuel crops need to be grown on minimal soil if we are to gain from them. This is where Jatropha scores extremely. Not simply does it get a good output of easily over 2,000 barrels of oil per angular mile per year, it too increases the birthrate of the soil on which it is grown then that it can possibly be used for nutrient crops in consequent years.


Jatropha is perennial which can grow in arid conditions (even deserts), on any kind of ground, and does not require irrigation or suffer in droughts. Therefore unlike the common biofuel crops of today (corn and sugar), they are very easy to cultivate even on poor land in Africa providing great social and economic benefits for that region.

Jatropha is fast growing and it begins yielding oil in the second year and for the next forty to fifty years. Optimal yields are obtained from the sixth year, and spaced at 2 metre intervals, around 2500 plants can be cultivated per hectare. Jatropha absorbs large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and therefore earns carbon credits.

Find out more about Jatropha and its use as a biofuel here with our guide to the facts and figures about Jatropha.

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Bio Diesel - Jatropha curcas

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

1. 31 to 37 % of oil is extracted from a Jatropha seed. Jatropha Curcas seed can be used as Bio diesel for any diesel engine without modification
2. Selling treated Jatropha seeds, and quality sapling
3. Dark blue dye and wax can be produced from the bark of the Jatropha curcas plants
4. Jatropha plant Stem is used as a poor quality wood : Bio fuel
5. Jatropha curcas leaves helps in dressing the wound.
6. Jatropha roots help in making yellow dye
7. Juice of the flowers of Jatropha curcas and the Jatropha stem has very good medicinal properties
8. Pounded seeds are used in tanning
9. Press Cake : Jatropha becomes Organic fertilizer and soil improver
10. Jatropha curcas extracted oil are used as : Bio Diesel, Varnishes, Illuminants, Soap, Pest control and Medicinal for skin diseases, as purgative

If You Know details click here

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Jatropha curcas or Barbados nut or Physic nut is a perennial poisonous shrub (up to 5 m high[1]]) belonging to the Euphorbiaceae or spurge family. The plant, originating in Central America, is mainly grown in Asia and in Africa, where it is known as Pourghère. It is resistant to a high degree of aridity and as such does not compete with food crops. When the seeds are crushed, the resulting jatropha oil can be processed to produce a high-quality biodiesel fuel that can be used in a standard diesel engine.

1 Cultivation
2 Processing
3 Biodiesel potential
4 Other uses
5 Other names
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

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Cultivation

Jatropha curcas seed

Cultivation is uncomplicated. Jatropha curcas can grow in wastelands and grows almost anywhere, even on gravelly, sandy and saline soils. It can thrive on the poorest stony soil and grow in the crevices of rocks. Complete germination is achieved within 9 days. Adding manure during the germination has negative effects during that phase, but is favourable if applied after germination is achieved. However, it is usually multiplied by cuttings, because this gives faster results than multiplication by seeds. The flowers only develop terminally, so a good ramification (plants presenting many branches) produces the greatest amount of fruits. Another productivity factor is the ratio between female and male flowers within an inflorescence (usually about 1 female to 10 male flowers - more female flowers mean more fruits)[2]. Jatropha curcas thrives on a mere 250 mm (10 in) of rain a year, and only during its first two years does it need to be watered in the closing days of the dry season. Ploughing and planting are not needed regularly, as this shrub has a life expectancy of approximately forty years. The use of pesticides and other polluting substances are not necessary, due to the pesticidal and fungicidal properties of the plant.

In the early 1990s, a growth trial in Nicaragua covering 2000 hectares (4940 acres) did not live up to expectations, yielding only a disappointing 200 litres of Jatropha oil per hectare (21 US gallons/acre).[citation needed] However, Jatropha is well able to yield as much as 1900 litres of diester per hectare (200 US gallons/acre), largely exceeding the capacity of rapeseed.[3]


Processing

Seed extraction is made simple with the use of the Universal Nut Sheller, an appropriate technology designed by the Full Belly Project.[4] The oily seeds are processed into oil, which may be directly used to fuel combustion engines or may be subjected to transesterification to produce biodiesel. Jatropha oil is not suitable for human consumption. A colourant can also be derived from the seed.

Biodiesel potential
Main article: Jatropha biodiesel

Other uses

(The information in this section is largely inspired from the Purdue University - Center for New Crops and Plants Products website [5].)
Leaves
The young leaves may be safely eaten, steamed or stewed. Cooked with goat meat, they are said to advantageously counteract its smell.
Pounded leaves are applied near horses' eyes to repel flies in India.
Flowers
The species is listed as a honey plant[6].
Nuts
Sometimes roasted and eaten, although they are purgative.
They can be burned like candlenuts when strung on grass[7].
Used as a contraceptive in South Sudan[8].
Seeds
Also used as a contraceptive in South Sudan[9].
The oil has been used for illumination, soap, candles, the adulteration of olive oil, and making Turkey red oil. Turkey red oil, also called sulphonated (or sulfated) castor oil, is the only oil that completely disperses in water. It is made by adding sulfuric acid to pure Jatropha oil[10]. It was the first synthetic detergent after ordinary Soap, as this allows easy use for making bath oil products. It is used in formulating lubricants, softeners, and dyeing assistants[11].
The seeds in the zone around Misantla, Veracruz are very appreciated by the population as food once they have been boiled and roasted. It is unclear if this is due to the existence of a non-toxic variety of Jatropha in Mexico and Central America, or if the seeds become eatable once processed by cooking[12].
It is also similarly reported that Jatropha seeds are edible once the embryo has been removed[13]. Again it may be so because of these seeds coming from a local non-toxic variety.
Roots
Their ashes are used as a salt substitute[14]. It can be used to kill molluscs[15], and has been listed for homicide, piscicide, and raticide as well[16].
Bark
Used as a fish poison[17].
Latex
Strongly inhibits the watermelon mosaic virus[18].
Sap
It stains linen. Sometimes used for marking[19].
Shrub
Mexicans grow the shrub as a host for the lac insect, which is used in medicine as hepatoprotective and antiobesity drug. (Picture of lac insect here [7]; drawing of insect, its larva and a colony here[8])
Used for erosion control[1], [20]


Other names

Pinhão manso in Brazil
Tempate in Nicaragua
kasla in Philippines
Purging nut

See also
Jatropha
Energy crop
Non food crop

References
^ a b “Jaropha curcas l. in Africa - Assessment of the impact of the dissemination of “the Jatropha System” on the ecology of the rural area and the social and economic situation of the rural population (target group) in selected countries in Africa”[1].
^ "Generative propagation of Jatropha curcas L. on Kalahari Sand." in The Jatropha Journal.
^ Steven Hobbs Bio-diesel, farming for the future
^ - The Full Belly Project
^ Purdue University-Center for New Crops and Plants Products
^ Little, Woodbury, and Wadsworth, 1974. In The Jatropha Website
^ Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962. In The Jatropha Website
^ List and Horhammer, 1969–1979. InThe Jatropha Website
^ List and Horhammer, 1969–1979. In The Jatropha Website
^ [2]
^ CastorOil.in – Home of Castor Oil Online [3]
^ Birgit Schmook (cited by Henning), in “Assessment of the potential of Jatropha curcas, (biodiesel tree) for energy production and other uses in developing countries.” Mike Benge (bengemike at aol dot com), Senior Agroforestry Officer, USAID (Ret.) July 2006 and updated August 2006[4]
^ Levingston and Zamora (cited by IPGRI), in “Assessment of the potential of Jatropha curcas, (biodiesel tree) for energy production and other uses in developing countries.” Mike Benge (bengemike at aol dot com), Senior Agroforestry Officer, USAID (Ret.), July 2006 and updated August 2006. [5]
^ Morton, 1981. In The Jatropha Website
^ Agaceta et al., 1981. In The Jatropha Website
^ Duke and Wain (1981). In The Jatropha Website
^ Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962. In The Jatropha Website
^ Tewari and Shukla, 1982. In The Jatropha Website
^ Mitchell and Rook, 1979. In The Jatropha Website
^ “Jaropha curcas l. in Africa - Assessment of the impact of the dissemination of “the Jatropha System” on the ecology of the rural area and the social and economic situation of the rural population (target group) in selected countries in Africa”[6].

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Jatropha curcas
Suppliers of Jatropha Seeds with International Delivery:
Jatrophaseeds
Jatrophaplantsource
Jatropha Curcas Seed.
Jatropha Curcas Plantation Consulting
Jatropha plantation from 'Soil to Oil'
A Self-help Assistance Program's Jatropha Tree Planting Project
Jatropha Facts and Figures
Jatropha Plant power can solve fuel problem
An Integrated Approach of Rural Development in Tropical & Subtropical Countries.
The worldwide online Jatropha Portal
Forum Jatropha - http://www.jatropha.forumactif.com
Size does matter - The possibilities of cultivating Jatropha curcas for biofuel production in developing countries. Case study report on the relationship with food security. Contains lots of references and background information.
"Mali’s Farmers Discover a Weed’s Potential Power", New York Times, September 9, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-09.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Jatropha Curcas
Center of Excellence for Jatropha Biodiesel Promotion
Forum : "Jatropha curcas : l'or vert du désert" - (French)
Bio Fuel production and reduction of deforestation in Nepal by R. Pahari.
Geo magazine, May 2007 edition (in German).
“Jaropha curcas l. in Africa - Assessment of the impact of the dissemination of “the Jatropha System” on the ecology of the rural area and the social and economic situation of the rural population (target group) in selected countries in Africa”. Annexe 7 of this paper presents an “Economic analysis of JCL utilization in Tanzania - Economy of Jatropha Utilization in Tanzania. Data from Kakute, 2003”, covering small-scale economic data on the collection of seeds, oil making and soap making.

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